目录七年级上册英语语法总结归纳 七年级上册英语语法大全 七年级英语语法归纳表 七年级上册英语语法笔记 初一英语全部语法
(一)be动词.
1、be动词包括am, are, is.
2、be动词的用法.
am → 主语是单数第一人称(即I).e.g. I am…
beare →单数第二人称及所有复数.e.g. You are…The coats are…
is →单数第三人称及不可数名词. e.g. Your father is… The money is…
3、否定句式(即改否定句):在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变.
e.g. He is not a teacher.
4、缩写形式.
①主语+be,缩写be第一个字母为 ’,再与主语合并.
e.g.you are → you’reJack is → Jack’s
② be+not否定形式的缩写,缩写not中“o”为 ’, 再与be合并.
e.g.is not→isn’tare not→aren’t
③不能缩写的情况:this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回仔禅答.
e.g. Yes, I am. (I’m 误)
5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换.
①一般疑问句:将be动词提前,其它照抄不变,最后+?,读升调.(一般第一人称改为第二人称)
e.g.The man in the car is her father. → Is the man in the car her father?
I’m a middle school student. → Are you a middle school student?
②一般疑问句的肯否定回答.
肯定回答: Yes, 主语+be.否定回答: No, 主语+be+not.
e.g.Is he old? Are you a new student? Is your father at home?
Yes, he is. Yes, I am. Yes, he is.
No, he is not.(isn’t) No, I’m not. No, he is not.(isn’t)
注意:①主语必须用代词回答;②肯定回答不能缩写;③回答第二人称,用第一人称回答.
③特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问).
1) 方法:将句子被提问(即被划线)的灶戚蔽部分改为相对应的疑问词,然后置于隐州句首,接着再将be动词或情态动词提前 (置于疑问词之后),其它部分照抄不变,最后+?(即疑问词+一般疑问句?)
e.g.The man in a red cap is her brother. → Who is the man in a red cap?
I can sing English songs. → What can you do?
2) 注意:①被提问部分不能再写.
②提问动词(即提问做某事),在改句子时注意还“do”,表示做什么?
3) 相应的疑问词.
1. 事物 → whate.g. That is a cat. → What is that?
2. 地点 → whereHe is at home? → Where is he?
3. 人 → whoThe man is his father. → Who is the man?
4. 怎样(程度,方式) → howShe’s fine. → How is she?
He can go to school by bus. →How can he go to school?
5. 年龄 → how old Our grandpa is 80. → How old is your grandpa?
6. 班级 → what class We are in Class 2, Grade 1. → What class are you in?
7. 数字 → what My phone number is 2212121→What’s your phone number?
8. 颜色 → what color His car is yellow. → What color is his car?
9. 时间 → what time I can get there at six. → What time can you get there?
whenI can go with you on Sunday. → When can you go with me?
10. 价钱 → how much The bag is twenty yuan. → How much is the bag?
(二)代词:
1、代词的形式
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
主 格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾 格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
物主代词
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
我(的)
我们(的)
你们(的)
你们(的)
他(的)
她(的)
它(的)
他们(的)
2、代词的用法
①动作的发出者,代词用主格,(一般在句首,动词前). e.g. He often writes to me.
②动作的承受者,代词用宾格,(一般在句末,动词后、介词后).
e.g. Let’s ask him.Let’s play with them.
③物的主人,用物主代词.(即代词所有格)
形容词性物主代词后一定要带物,不能单独使用,一般用在名词前.
e.g.This is their classroom.That is my bike.It is her red coat.
(三)所有格:表示物或人的“所属”关系.
1、名词所有格的形式:
① 名词之后直接+’s e.g. Mary―Mary’sKate―Kate’s
② 以s结尾的名词只加 ' e.g. students―students’
2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词,但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词.e.g.today’s newspaper;an hour’s walk;China’s city
3、注意: ①表示两者或多者共有,在最后一个名词+ ’s.
e.g. Mike and Jim’s room.(共用,用单数)
②如果不是共有,指各有,则各词都应+’s.
e.g. Mike’s and Jim’s rooms. (各有,用复数)
4、表示无生命的名词所有格用of短语表示,但注意词序与汉语习惯不同,形式为:名词+of+名词(前者属于后者).
e.g.the door of the room.那房间的门the picture of my family.我的家庭的照片
5、注意:有时’s 结构可以转化为of 短语.(对等)
e.g.his father’s friends → the friends of his father.
the girl’s new computer → the new computer of the girl.
the dog’s name → the name of the dog
但不是所有of 结构都有对等的’s结构.因为’s 只用于有生命的词.
(四)名词的数.
1、名词的概念:名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词,
如:teacher, school, morning, thanks, duty.
名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词.
2、可数名词.
1)可数名词是指可以用数目计算是名词,有单复数两种形式.
可数名词包括个体名词:e.g.apple ,student.
集体名词:e.g.classpeople
2)用法: ① 单数名词前可用a, an修饰;
② 之前可以直接用数词;
③ 之前可用a lot of, lots of,many, some等修饰;
④ 提问其数量用How many + 复数名词;
3)可数名词的复数形式: 英语名词复数的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式.
A 规则变化:
① 一般在单词的结尾直接+s; book ― books
② 如果单词以s, x, ch, sh等结尾,+es; bus ― buses
③ 若以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es; city ― cities story ― stories
④ 以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为ves;wife ― wivesknife ― knives
⑤ 以o结尾, tomato — tomatoes; photo— photos;
⑥ 两个名词用在一起构成合成名词变复数时,只把合成名词的主体名词变成复数. e.g. banana trees
⑦ 但是以woman, man等名词与其后面的名词构成合成名词变复数时,里面所含的成分全部要变成复数.three women teachers
B 不规则变化:
① 单复数同形Chinese中国人Japanese日本人
② 只作复数trousersclotheschips thankspeople(人们)
③ 特殊变化:
man―menwoman―women foot―feetchild―children
3、不可数名词.
1)不可数名词是指不可以用数目计算是名词,它一般没有复数形式.
不可数名词包括物质名词:broccoli. 抽象名词:work, homework.
2)用法:① 不用a, an修饰;
② 前面可用a lot of, lots of, much, some, a little等修饰;
③ 作主语时,都视为单数;
④ 提问其数量时用How much;
e.g. How much money do you have?
(五)祈使句:
1、祈使句表示请求,命令,建议等,它没有主语(其实是省略了主语you),
以动词开头,动词要用原形,句末用“!”或“.”,读降调.有时为了使语气比较委婉,常在句首或句末加上please.在句末时要用逗号隔开.
e.g.Sit down, please! Let’s go to school.
2、祈使句的否定形式:
一般在句首加Don’t. e.g. Play the piano. → Don’t play the piano.
(七)一般现在时.
1、一般现在时的用法:
①表示现在的状态或特征,谓语动词一般是be.
e.g.They are at work.She is very old.
②表示经常性或习惯性动作,谓语动词一般是实义动词.
e.g.We go to school from Monday to Friday.
③表示主语具备的性格和能力.
e.g.I like swimming.Do you speak English?
④普遍真理.e.g.Two plus four is six. The earth goes around the sun.
2、一般时态(一般现在时)的谓语形式.
①动词be 的人称变化: (略)
②实义动词的变化:主语为单数第三人称,实义动词应+s或es.
(其变化类同于名词的复数形式)
主语为其他人称时,实义动词不变.
3、一般现在时的句型变化.
1)be动词的句式:(略)
2)实义动词的句式:改否定句及疑问句都应借助助动词do或does.
(当主语为单数第三人称时,用does, 同时应将其后的谓语动词还原形).
① 改否定句:在实义动词之前+don’t或doesn’t.
e.g.We go to school on Sundays. →We don’t go to school on Sundays.
He does his homework after supper.
→ He doesn’t do his homework after supper.
② 改一般疑问句:在句首添加Do或Does,其他照抄,最后加问号.
e.g.They speak English.→Do they speak English?
He goes home at five every day.
→Does he go home at five every day?
③ 一般疑问句的肯否定回答.
Yes, 主语do.No, 主语don’t. Yes, 主语does. No, 主语doesn’t.
e.g.Do they speak English?Does he go home at five every day?
Yes, they do.Yes, he does.
No, they don’t. No, he doesn’t.
④ 改特殊疑问句:疑问代词+一般疑问句?(do/does+其他?)
e.g. I like to eat apple. What do you like to eat?
He goes to school every day.Where does he go every day?
4、often, five days a week, every day, on Sundays, sometimes等表示频度的状语通常位于be动词之后,实义动词之前,若句子出现频度副词,通常用一般现在时.
Lesson 1 七年级上册语法金钥匙
一、人称代词& be 动词的用法:
人称代词口诀 人称代词&be动词口诀
我I你, 你们you, I用am, you用are,
男他尘渣he, 女她she,is用于他,她,它,
剩下的它都用it。单数后面用is,
看到他们都是they, 复数一律都用are.
留下我们就用we.
Try your best:
1. I _____ Jack.
2. We _______ from China.
3. Kate and I ______ friends.
4. You____ students.
5. Sunny ______ a teacher.
6. They ______ policemen.
7. This ______ my car.
8. ______ you Henry?
9. He ______ old.
10. She _______ ugly.
二、Be动词与人称代词的缩写
1)be 动词(即am,is,are)在某些名词、代词或少数副词之后可用缩写形式。如:
I am =_________ you are=_________they are=__________
he is =_________ she is = _________it is =______________
we are =________that is = _________what is =___________
Jim is = ________class is =_________this is = ___________
2)注意:
a. be动词与人称代词位于末尾时,不能用缩写如: Are you from Cuba?Yes, I am.
b. is 前面的单词末尾的读音和/s/相同或相近时,不能缩写如: This is my teacher.
三、含be 动词的肯定句变否定句
1) I am a student. →I am not a student.
2) She is beautiful. → She is not beautiful.
3) They are drivers. →They are not drivers.
→由此可见含be动词的肯定句变否定句时,只需在be动词后加not.
Try your best:
1) 将下列句子变成否定:
Kangkang is a boy.______________________________________________
She is a singer. ____________________________________________________
They are policemen. _______________________________________________
2) 小小翻译官:
我们不是日本人. __________________________________________________
他不是一名老师. __________________________________________________
四、be动词与not的缩写
1) is not = 2)are not= 3)am not=
注:be动词与not缩派拍悄写时,只需将not中的O换成’;
注:am与not没有缩写形式。
Try your best:(请你用缩写形式 翻译下列句子)
1、 他不是贺含我的爸爸。____________________________________
2、 我们不在A2班。____________________________________
3、 她们不是老师。______________________________________
五、含be动词的肯定句变一般疑问句:“一调二改三问号 ”:
1)“一调”:将be动词调到句首;
2)“二改”:将原句首字母大写改小写(特殊情况除外:地名、人名或I不用改;
若有第一人称改第二人称)
3)“三问号”:句末加上问号。
E.g.She is a teacher.
一调:is She a teacher.
二改:Is she a teacher.
三问号:Is she a teacher?
2) Mini is 14 years old.
_____________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
3) I am Chinese.
_____________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
六、 一般疑问句的回答:
1)肯定回答:Yes ,+主语+be动词 (主语用人称代词主格)
2)否定回答:No,+主语+be动词+not (主语用人称代词主格)
E.g. Is she Chinese?
肯定:Yes, she is.否定:No, she isn’t.
七年级英语作为初中英语的基础阶段,我们所要学习的是如何应用好语法,下面是我给大家带来的七年级上册英语语法句型必考知识点概括,希望能够帮助到大家!
七年级上册英语指清语法句型必考知识点概括
指逗帆Unit 1 My name’s Gina
句型:
1, What’s your name? My name’s Jenny. / I’m Jenny. / Jenny.
What’s your/his/her telephone/phone number? It’s 555-3539.
语法:
1,形容词性物主代词:my(我的) your(你的) his/her/its(他/她/它的)our(我们的) your(你们的)their(他们的)后面需要接名词,修饰名词,做前置定语。 在句中可作主语,宾语等成分。
主格:
I you he/she/ it 在句中做主语,一般放句首,后面紧跟 am/is/are 及其他动词。
词汇:
1. my pron. 我的 形容词性物主代词还有his,her,your
2.由name构成的短语first name 名字 last name 姓氏 family name 姓氏
3.“电话号码”的表达方式: telephone number phone number
4. 本单元出现的缩写有: I’m = I am what’s = what is it’s =it is
5. answer n. 回答;答案(也可做动词“回答”,如answer the questions)
句式:
1. What +be 动词+your(his/her) name? What’s your name?
What’s his name? What’s her name?
2. 自我介绍时常用语: My name’s Jenny. I’m Gina.
3.表达第一次和某人见面的高兴之情: Nice to meet you!
4. 询问别人的电话号码: What’s your telephone number?
5. 询问别人的姓氏常用语: What’s her family name?
Unit 2 Is this your pencil?
词汇:
1. pencil case 文具盒 pencil sharpener 铅笔刀 pen钢笔 eraser橡皮擦 ruler尺子 backpack 双肩背包 dictionary 字典
2.指示代词:this 这个 that 那个
3. in English 用英语
4. ID card 身份证
5. computer game 电子游戏
6. lost and found 失物招领
7. excuse me 打扰了
8. call sb. 给某人打电话
9. a set of 一套;一副
句式唯雹:
1. 询问某物品是否属于某人的问句及答语—Is this/that your pencil?
—Yes, it is. It’s my pencil.
2. 询问某物用英语怎么说 What’s this in English?
3. How do you spell sth.? How do you spell it?
4. What’s +sth?询问某物是什么 —What’s this? —It’s a watch.
5. Call at sb. at +电话号码. Call Alan at 495-3539.
Unit 3 This is my sister.
词汇:
1.称呼类词汇:sister 姐;妹 mother妈妈 father爸爸brother兄;弟grandmother祖母;外祖母 grandfather祖父;外祖父aunt姑母;伯母;婶母uncle叔;伯;舅;姨夫son 儿子cousin表(堂)兄弟(姐妹) daughter女儿
2. 本单元出现的缩写:that’s = that is he’s = he is
3. 本单元出现的指示代词:these 这些 those 那些
4. thanks for 为??而感谢
句式:
1. This/that/These+ be动词+ sb’s ?
This is his sister. That is my brother. These are his brother.
2. be动词+代词+?Is this your sister? Is she your sister?
3. Thanks for ? Thanks for the photo of your family.
4. Here +be 动词+? Here is my family photo.
句型:
1,Is this your sister? No, it isn’t.
Is she your sister? No, she isn’t.
2,This is my friend. These are my friends.
That is my brother. Those are my brothers.
3, Thanks for the photo of your family. Here is my family photo.
photo of your family = your family photo
语法:
可数名词单数变复数:一般情况下加s, book-books, 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加eswatch-watches 以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y改为i再加es boy- boys,family-families 以o结尾的有生命的加es, 无生命的加s, tomato-tomatoes,photo-photos
Unit 4 Where’s my backpack?
词汇:
1.本单元出现的家具类词汇:table桌子 bed床 bookcase书橱,书柜 sofa沙发 chair椅子 drawer抽屉
2.表位置的介词短语:under the table在桌子下面 on the sofa在沙发上in the backpack在双肩背包里 under the bed在床下面 on the chair在椅子上 on the dresser在梳妆台上on the table在桌子上 in the drawer在抽屉里 on the floor在地板上
3.math book数学书
4.alarm clock闹钟
5.computer game电脑游戏
6.video tape录像带
7.take sth. to sb.把某物带给某人take these things to your sister把这些东西带给你姐姐
8.ID card身份证
9.bring sth. to some place把某物到给某地bring some things to school把一些物品带到学校
10.pencil case铅笔盒
11.in the bedroom在卧室
12.in the kitchen在厨房
句型:
Where’s the baseball? It’s in the backpack.
语法:
1,询问人或物品在哪里,我们用Where, 结构为 where+is/are+人/物品名称? “??在哪里” 回答用 主语+is/are +in/at/under/on/near +地点注意:表示“在??地方”地点前要用定冠词the 或者形容词性物主代词my/your/his/their修饰,但是两者不能同时出现,我们可以说in the room, in my room 但是绝对不可以in the my room.
词语用法:
1, take v.带走, 把人或物品带到别的地方去,take ?to? 把??带到??去bring v.带来,把人或物品从别的地方带到说话的地方来 bring?to? 把??带到??来
2,please 后接动词用原形。
句式:
1.询问地点——Where + be动词 + sth. 答语——It is/They are + 表位置的介词短语—Where’s my backpack? —It’s under the table.
—Where are your books? —They’re on the chair.
2.询问某物是否在某地的句型及答语
—Is the baseball on the sofa?—No,it isn’t. It’s under the chair. —Are they on the bed? —No,they’re not.
3.祈使句——Please do sth. Please take these things to your sister?
4.can引导的一般疑问句 Can you bring some things to school?
5.倒装句——Here + be动词 + 主语 Here is my pen.
Here are some apples.
Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?
词汇:
1.球类名词小结soccer ball英式足球 ping-pong ball乒乓球tennis网球volleyball排球basketball篮球
2.“球拍”的表达 tennis racket网球拍 ping-pong bat乒乓球拍
3.play + 名词 结构的短语play sports参加体育运动play computer games玩电脑游戏
4.“play + 球类名词”结构的短语 play ping-pong ball打乒乓球play tennis 打网球 play soccer踢足球 play volleyball打排球
5.sports club运动俱乐部
6.first name名 last name=family name姓
7.watch TV看电视 on TV在电视上,通过电视
8.常用的描述某物或某事的形容词:interesting有趣的fun有趣的 relaxing轻松的 boring无聊的difficult困难的
9.have a great sports collection有大量的体育收藏品
10.every day每天
句型:
Do you have a TV? Yes, I do/No, I don’t
语法:
1,句中不含be(am,is,are)动词的 一般疑问句的变法。 也就是说句中谓语动词是实义动词时,要变为一般疑问句,在句首加do/does(当主语是第三人称单数的时候用does),第一人称变第二人称,动词变原形其他的语序不变。I have a computer. – Do you have a computer? She likes playing ping-pang.- Does she like playing ping-pang.肯定回答用yes, 主语+do/does.否定回答用No,主语+don’t/doesn’t.
2,一般句子中当主语是第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词要起变化。具体的变化为:一般情况加s, know-knows, 以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加es, teach-teaches, go-goes, 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i, 再加es study-studies
3, do/does 叫做助动词(语法需要加上去翻译部出来的动词)时,后面接动词原形, Does he like reading? She doesn’t like reading. She doesn’t do her homework. 但是如果做实义动词(能翻译出来意思的动词)呢,遇到主语第三人称单数就要起变化。 She does her homework.
4,have的第三人称单数为 has.
5, let sb do sth 让某人做某事 (sb代表人,如果是代词用宾格,do代表动词原形)
6,play+球类 表示“踢,打,玩......” play footballplay+the+乐器 表示“弹奏??乐器” play the piano
句式:
1.Do引导的一般疑问句 —Do you have a TV?—Yes,I do. / No,I don’t.—Does he have a tennis racket? —Yes,he does. / No,he doesn’t.
2.祈使句——Let’s do sth. Let’s play ping-pong.
3.主系表结构——主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 That sounds good.
Unit 6 Do you like bananas?
词汇:
1.水果banana香蕉 orange橙子strawberry草莓 pear梨 apple苹果
2.蔬菜 tomato西红柿 carrot胡萝卜broccoli花椰菜
3.食品 hamburger汉堡包 French fries薯条ice cream冰淇淋salad沙拉chicken鸡肉 egg鸡蛋
4.countable nouns可数名词 uncountable nouns不可数名词
5.running star赛跑明星
6.lots of = a lot of非常多,很多(后面既可跟可数名词复数,也可跟不可数名词)
7.healthy food健康食品
8. have sth. for breakfast/lunch/dinner/dessert早餐/中餐/晚餐/甜点
句型:
Do you like salad? Yes, I do./No, I don’t.
Does he like pears? Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
I like oranges. I don’t like oranges.
Running star eats lots of healthy food.
语法:
句中谓语动词是实义动词的陈述句,变否定形式在实义动词前加don’t\doesn’t(主语是第三人称单数时用doesn’t’).
like doing sth/like to do sth 喜欢做某事
I like swimming. She likes to eat hamburgers.
句式:
1.询问某人是否喜欢某物的句型及答语
—Do/Does sb. like sth.? —Yes,sb. do/does. —No,sb. don’t/doesn’t. —Do you like salad?—Yes,I do./ No,I don’t.
—Does he like pears?—Yes,he does. / No,he doesn’t.
2.祈使句——Let’s do sth. Let’s have ice cream.
3.一般现在时的肯定句及否定句 I like oranges. I don’t like bananas. They like salad. They don’t like broccoli.
She likes bananas. She doesn’t like ice cream.
Unit 7 How much are these pants?
词汇:
1. how much (价钱)多少
2. seven dollars七美元one/a dollar 一美元
3.a pair of socks 一双袜子two pairs of socks 两双袜子
4. “颜色+名词”结构的短语有:red sweater 红毛衣blue skirt 蓝裙子 black pants 黑裤子
5. 由help构成的短语:help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事help sb. (to) do sth帮助某人做某事
6. want sth. 想买某物 want a sweater 想买一件毛衣
7. what color 什么颜色
8. at Huaxing’s=at Huaxing Clothes Store 在华兴服装店
9. come and buy your clothes 来买你的衣服
10.“like+名词”喜欢某物 like sweaters 喜欢毛衣
11.at a very good price 以非常优惠的价格
12.bags for sports 运动包
13. T-shirts in red=red T-shirts 红T恤衫
14. socks for only¥5 each 每双袜子五元
15. afford our prices负担得起我们的价格
16. for yourself 亲自
17. come to some place 来某个地方
18. buy sth. from some place从某地买某buy skirt from Huaxing Clothes Store从华兴服装店买裙子
19. sell sth. to sb. = sell sb. sth.把某物卖给某sell the bike to him = sell him the bike 卖给他自行车
20. have a look 看一看;看一眼have a look at = look at 看
21. on sale 廉价销售for sale 等待出售
语法是学好英语最重要的一部分,所以初一的学生在学习语法知识的时候,要将每个语法点都理解清楚。下面是我为大家整理的关于初一上册英语语法知识点归纳,希望对您有所帮助。欢迎大家阅读参考学习!
初一上册英语语法知识点
句子种类
(1)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述看法。
She is at home. 她在家。
He speaks English. 他讲英语。
2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:
a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):
Is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗?
b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions):
Where do you live? 你住哪儿?
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):
Do you like tea or juice?
你是要茶还是果汁?
d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):
He knows her, doesn’t he?
他认稿胡吵识她,对不对?
3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:
Sit down, please. 请坐。
Let’s go home! 让我们回家吧!
4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:
What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
初一英语必备语法知识
单数句变复数句
1. 可数名词单数要变为其相应的复数形式。
It is a box.→ They are boxes.
2. 各个人称代词要由单数形式变为复数形式。
She is a girl.→ They are girls. I am at home.→ We are at home.
3. am或is 要变为are.
He is a teacher. → They are teachers.
4. 指示代词键侍this或that要分别变为these或those。
This is a pencil.→ These are pencils.
5. 不定冠词a/an要去掉(固定搭配例外)。
It is a black cat.→ They are black cats.
6. man或 woman做定语修饰可数名词,在整个句子变成复数的情况下也要变成 men或women.
She is a woman teacher.→ They are women teachers.
注意:在单数句变复数句时,普通单数变为复数形式,但当名词修饰名词时,起修饰作用的名词不做变化。名词修饰名词常用单数。(man, woman除外)
This is a apple tree.→ These are apple trees.
初一英语语法知识
词类
1. 名词表示人或事物名称的词 teacher, book , pen 主,表做举,补,定,同
2. 代词代替名词、形容词或数词等 we, my, some, this 主,表,宾,定,同
3. 数词表示数目或顺序 two, first, fifth 主,表,宾,定,同
4. 动词表示动词或状态 be, take, look 谓语动词
to work, working, worked 主,表,宾,补,定,状
5. 形容词修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质和特征 good, big, nice, beautiful表,补,定,同
6. 副词表示动作特征或形状特征修饰动词形容词或其他副词 fast, nearly, happily, here表,状
7. 冠词用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 a , an, the
8. 介词表示名词或代词与其他词的关系 in, on, under
9. 连词连接词与词,短语和短语,句子和句子 and, if, but, or
10. 感叹词表示说话时的感情或语气 oh, hello, hi
相关文章:
1. 七年级英语上册语法学习知识点总结
2. 七年级英语语法知识点整理
3. 英语初一上册的语法总结
4. 初一英语语法知识点总结归纳
5. 初一英语语法知识点大全
以下是 无 为大家整理的初一英语上册语法、句型知识点的文章,希望大家能够喜欢!
二、be动词的用法
be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:
"我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它";单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。
三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)
1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句
1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。
2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。
六、可数名词敬悄变复数
可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1、规则变化:
1)一般情况直接在词尾加"-s ",如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加"-es ",如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加"-es ",如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为"ves ",如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
5)以o结尾的词,加"-s "或"-es ",如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了"英雄"hero外,凡是能吃的,加"-es ",不能吃乎兆的加"-s "。
2、不规则变化:
岁稿租1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则
最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。
主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称"三单")时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非"三单"时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变"三单"的规则如下:
1)一般动词在词尾加"-s ",如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加"-es ",如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
3)以o结尾的动词一般加"-es ",如:do-does, go-goes等;
4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加"-而是",如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
5)have的三单形式是has。
八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。
1、定冠词the表示"特指",可译为"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"。
2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是"一个"。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。
3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调"数量",而基数词则强调"数量"。
九、助动词(do, does )的用法
只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:
1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及"主谓一致"原则。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为"三单"时,要使用does;当主语为"非三单"时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名词所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示"......的",但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)
3、have与of的区别:
have一般表示"主动拥有",往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能"主动拥有",表示所属关系时要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house