目录高中英语必背短语2000个打印 高中英语作文常用短语和句型 高中英语常用短语及句型归纳 高中英语短语大全5000 高考高频短语500个
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一．不同的动雀尺词，后面加上相同的小品词。
1， 动词+away构成的短语有：
throwaway扔掉carryaway运走
put away把。收好run away潜逃，链档跑开
giveaway 捐赠，分发 goaway走开
2， 动词+for构成的短语有：
answerfor 负责 provide for 供养
callfor 要求planfor 打算，为。计划
hopefor希望，期待askfor 索取，寻找
sendfor 派人去请 gofor努力获取
pay for偿还，赔偿waitfor 等待
lookfor 寻找
3， 动词+on构成的短语有：
tryon试穿，试验 puton穿上，上演
haveon穿着，戴着pullon穿，戴
holdon不挂断，坚持，继续carryon继续开展，坚持
keepon继续goon继续
get on上车 comeon赶快
4， 动词+over构成的短语有：
comeover过来handover移交
goover仔细检查，复习 getover 克服，恢复
lookover检查 thinkover仔细考虑
takeover接受，接管 handover移交
turnover翻转
5， 动词+up构成的短语有;
bringup抚养，培养callup召唤，打电话给
comeup走进，上来cutup切碎
fixup修理giveup放弃
goup上升，增长growup长大
lookup尊敬，向上看，查寻makeup虚构，弥补，组成
putup举起，搭建pick up捡起，搭载，得到
setup建立，创纪录send up发射
showup揭露，露面turnup出现，把。调高一点
takeup占据，开始从事
6， 动词+out 构成的短语有：
comeout出来 goout出去，熄灭
lookout 留神，当心棚岁乱 walk out走出
setout出发，开始 putout扑灭。生产
giveout发出，发表handout分发
pickout挑选findout找出，发现
speakout大声地说 turnout生产，打扫
getout出去，离开 workout 计算出，解决，实行行得通bringout出版
carry out 实现，执行Startout出发，动身
二．同一个动词后面加上不同的小品词（介词或副词）
1，break+介词或副词的短语有：
breakdown 击败，摧毁，发生故障，身体垮掉breakout爆发
breakthrough突破，突围 breakoff中断，突然停止
breakup打碎，分解，驱散 break in闯入
breakinto破门而入breakaway突然离开，逃脱，脱离
2，bring+介词的短语有：
bringabout使发生 bringback拿回来，使恢复
bringdown打到，降低bringin 引进
bringout出版，生产bringup培养，养育
bringover把。带来
3，come+介词或副词的短语有：
comein进来 comefrom来自于。
comeabout产生comeover过来
comeout出现，出来comeby从旁边经过
comeup上来，走进 comeacross偶遇
comealong发生，进步 comeafter跟着。来
comeback 回来 comearound绕道而来
comedown下来 comeon快点，赶快
4，cut+介词的短语有：
cut in插嘴，插入 cut into切入
cut across抄近路cut back减少
cutoff切断cut up切碎
cutaway 砍掉 cut down砍到，削减
cutout剪取，剪掉cut through通过，穿过
5，call+介词或副词的短语有：
callafter以。的名字来命名callfor要求
callback教会，召回，回忆 callup使人想起，打电话
callon号召，拜访某人callin(at)在某地稍作逗留，邀请 calloff取消
6， get+介词或副词的短语有：
getabout传播getthrough到达，做完，通过，度过，打电话 getin进入，陷入
geton上车，进展，相处融洽 getoff下车，下来
getout出去，离开 getover克服
getacross 通过，被理解 getalong与。相处融洽
getaway离开，脱身
7， give+介词或副词的短语有：
giveup放弃givein屈服，投降
giveaway 赠送，捐赠，泄露，错过 giveover 移交，交出
giveoff放出，发出，排出give out 分发，散发，放出
giveback归还
8， go+介词或副词的短语有：
goahead着手，开始做 goalong 进展，前进
goaround流传，传播goaway 离去，走开
gobeyond超过goby 过去，流逝
godown 下降 goup 上升
gofor喜欢gooff 离开，停止
goon 继续，发生goover复习
gothrough经历，穿过
9， look+介词或副词的短语有:
lookafter照顾，照料lookaway 把。收拾好，积蓄
lookaround环顾lookat 看
lookdown朝下看 lookfor寻找
lookinto调查lookout当心
lookover检查lookthrough浏览，检查
lookup 向上看，查阅
10， turn+介词的短语有：
turnabout/round 向后转，回头，转身 turnagainst反对某人
turnaway 转过脸去，拒绝 turnback往回走
turnback 往回走 turndown调低，关小，拒绝
turnin上交，上缴turninto变成
turnoff关掉turnon打开
turnout熄灭，生产turn over翻过来
turnto求助于，转向turnup 调高，到达，出现
11， put+介词的短语有：
putaside 把。放在一起，积蓄putaway把。收好，积蓄
putback把。放回原处putdown放下，镇压
putforward提出，建议 putin放进
putoff推迟，拖延 puton 穿上，戴上，增加，上演
putout生产出，出版 putup举起
12， be/get/become+过去分词、形容词、介词短语有：
bedressedin穿着be fond of爱好，喜爱
belostin沉溺于be located in位于
beaddicted in 沉溺于be used to习惯于
be curious about 对。好奇 be engaged in忙于。
be glad to乐意。 be convinced of 确信，认识到
be aware of 知道 be worried about 担心
13， 动词+副词+介词的短语有：
add up to合计得breakawayfrom 从。脱离开
come up with 找到，提出catch up with 赶上
get down to 开始认真地做某事go in for 参加，追求
keep away from 远离 keep up with 跟上
date back to 追溯到put up with 忍受，容忍
run out of 用完watch out for 当心
look down upon 瞧不起 go ahead with 开始，着手
go along with 一起去，同意 hole on to 坚持
三，有关take的短语：
take after 长相或举止像take apart 撤开，撤散，把。彻底打败，对。苛刻
take as 看做，认为take away 拿走，使停学，使离开，
使消失，减去
take back 收回，回忆，送回 take down拿下，取下，记下，推到，撤毁
take in 接待，欺骗，理解，包含 take off 脱下，起飞，成就，成名
take on 开始雇佣，呈现，露出，承担take out 带某人去，取得，褪色
take over 接受，接任，接管 take to 喜欢，染上，休息
take up 从事，产生兴趣，选修，占用 take for/to be 当做，以为是
take a chance 碰运气，冒风险take a deep 深吸一口气
take a hand in 干预take a risk 冒风险
take a seat 坐下 take an interest in 对。感兴趣
take steps/measures to do sth 采取措施做某事take aim at 瞄准
take action on 采取行动take by surprise 使。惊奇
take care 当心take care of 照顾，处理，对付，当心
take charge of负责，接管 take cold 感冒，伤风
take control of 控制住，管住take delight 以。为乐
ake effect 开始作用，生效 take for granted 认为是。理所当然
take for example 以。为例take hold of 抓住，吸引住
take it easy 慢慢来 take it or leave it 要不要都行
take note of 把。记下来take notice of 注意，理会
take notes 记笔记take into office 就职，上任
ake one,s breath away 令人惊异take one`s chance 碰运气
take one`s time 慢慢来take pains 费尽力气
take trouble 下功夫 take part in 参加
take pity on/upon 可怜 take place 发生，举行
ake pride in 感到骄傲，自豪 take one`s place 代替某人
take the opportunity 利用机会 take turns 轮流做某事
take sides 支持，偏袒 I take it(that) 我想，我认为
get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国
get a full mark / full marks 得满分 get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足
get at 意指，本意是 get around = get about 四处走动，活动
get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离 get away from 逃脱，逃离
get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还
get close to 接近 get down 下来，降下
get down on one’s knees 跪下 get down to (doing) sth 开始(做)某事)
get in 进入，收获，达到 get in a word 插话
get into… 进入…… get sb into… 使某人陷入
get it 接(电话)，应(门)，理解，懂得 get off 下车，脱下(衣服等)
get on 上车，过活 get on / along with… 进展，与……相处
敬纯此get on one’s feet (艰难地)站立起来 get out 离开，出去
get out of 逃避，避免 get over 克服，恢复，原谅
get up 起床，起身 get across 理解，度过
get through 接通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)
get to 到达，抵达 get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着
get / gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领
get ready for 为……做准备
(比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为……做好了准备)
get rid of 除掉，去掉 get sb to do 让某人做
get the idea for… 想到……的主意 get the message across 传播信息
get together 相聚，碰头，联欢
get / be used to sth 习惯于……，适应于……
(比较：be used as sth 被用作……
be used for sth 被用于…裤漏…，亮迅用来做……
be used to do sth 被用于做……
used to do sth 过去常常做)
get / be dressed 穿衣服
get / be engaged (to sb) (与某人)订婚
get / be lost 丢失了，迷路
get / be married (to sb) = marry (sb) (与某人)结婚
get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难
get / be tired of 对……感到厌倦，对……失去兴趣
(比较：get / be tired for 因……而感到疲倦)
例如：
I’m getting on well with my classmates now.
How are you getting along with your English?
He got the book away from her.
The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.
When did you get back from the countryside?
Have you got back the book you lent him?
“Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.”
The dust has got into my eyes.
This mistake may get him into difficulties.
Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.
If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.”
When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.
The conductor got off and checked the rails.
She got on her bicycle and cycled off.
You work too hard! You should get out a bit more.
If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.
We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.
It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关).
I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him.
She felt so cold that she got close to her mother.
It’s time we got down to work.
The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in.
The peasants are busy getting in the crops.
We didn’t get up until lunch time.
He got up and walked over to the window.
(9)give短语：
give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发
give back 归还，送回 give in 投降，让步，屈服
give off 释放，发出，放出 (烟、光、热等)
give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放 give over = hand over 转交，移交
give up 放弃，辞去 give a concert 开音乐会
give a description of… 描述…… give / make a speech 演讲，讲话
give a talk 演讲，做报告 give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成
give close attention to 密切关注 give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗
give shade in summer 夏天时遮阳 give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助
give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信
give sb a second look 再看某人一眼 give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人
give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告
例如：
In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.
Remember not to give it away to anyone else; it’s a secret.
Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.
If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.
When they made ready to climb the next ridge (山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out.
Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.
Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.
All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.
Mary had to give up her job after her marriage.
Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.
Could you give us some advice on reading?
If you won’t have it changed, please give my money back.
(10)go短语：
go abroad 出国 go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干
go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违背
go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面 go / walk around 四处走走
go away 走开，离去 go back 回去
go beyond 超越 go by 走过，经过，(时间)消逝，过去
go down 下来，落下，倒下 go down on one’s knees 跪下
go for 为……去，努力获取，主张，适用于
go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行
go for a job interview 去面试找工作 go for a walk / walks 散步
go for sb 对某人也一样 go in for 参加，喜欢
go into 详细调查 go into details 细说
go off 走开，离去，(闹钟)闹响 go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去
go off the air 停止广播(比较：go on the air 开始广播)
go on 发生，进行，继续 go / be on diet 在节食
go on (a) holiday 去度假 go on a tour to 去……观光(游览)
go on a visit to 去……访问(参观)
go on doing sth 继续做某事(同一事)
[比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事(另一事)
go on with sth 继续某事]
go out 熄灭，出去 ，外出 go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅
go past 从……的旁边过去 go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登
go with… 与……相配
go without 忍受没有……之苦，没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付
go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰
go straight along 沿着……一直往前走
go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查 go through with 完成
go to bed (上床)睡觉 go to school / work 上学/上班
go to sea 当水手 go to sleep 入睡
go to town 进城 go to a movie 去看电影
go to the country(side) 下乡 go home / there 回家/去那儿
go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生 go bad 变坏
go wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途
go Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用
例如：
No one dared to go against the rules.
—Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window?
—No, go ahead.
I went away /off wondering if I’d said anything wrong.
I’m afraid the fish has gone bad.
Things will get easier as time goes by.
He went by quickly, taking no notice of us.
If you really want the job, go for it!
Close all the doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for windows.
I go in for all the competitions.
After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.
Suddenly the candle went out.
Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say.
Let’s go over what we learned last period.
Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings?
Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million.
It is possible to go without food for a few days.
Something’s gone wrong with my watch; I must have it repaired.
(11)have短语：
have a break 休息一下 have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来
have (got) a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧
have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈
[比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话
have a talk with sb (about sth) (就某事)与某人进行交流
have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话]
have a gift for… 对……有天赋(比较：have a reputation for… 有……名誉/名声)
have a good flight (坐飞机)旅途愉快
have a good knowledge of … 对……很熟悉，通晓……
have a good laugh over… 对……笑了个够
have a good / great / wonderful time = have (great) fun 玩得(非常)高兴，过得愉快
have a / the habit of …= be in a / the habit of… 有……的习惯
(比较：get into / form the habit of… 养成……的习惯
get sb into the habit of… 使某人养成……的习惯)
have a hit 风靡一时 have a large population 人口众多
have / take a look 看一看 have a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会
have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途愉快
have (got ) a pain (in the…) (身体某部位)痛
have a part-time job 做兼职工作 have a (good) rest 休息
have / take a seat 坐下(比较：have / take one’s seat 坐某人的座位)
have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食
have a swim 游泳 have a table tennis match 举行一场乒乓球比赛
have a test 进行测验 have a try 试一试
have / show an appetite for… 有……的欲望或爱好
have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定
have an effect on / upon… 对……有影响，对……产生作用
(比较：influence… = affect … 对……有影响
have no effect / influence on … 对……没有影响
have a good / bad effect on … 对……有好/坏影响
have a great / little effect on … 对……有很大的影响/影响不大
have a strong influence on… 对……有很大影响)
have / take an exam 参加考试 have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光
have an income of … 有……的收入
have access to … 使用(接近……的)权利或机会
have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
have lessons / classes 上课
have mercy on… 宽恕……，对……仁慈，对……表示怜悯
have no chance of surviving 没有生存的可能性
have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事
have none of … 根本不理睬…… have on 穿着
have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物 have / take one’s medicine 服药，吃药
have some difficulty / trouble / problems with … 在……有困难/麻烦事
[比较：have some difficulty / trouble / problems (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦]
have something / nothing in common (with…) (与……)有共同点/没有共同之处
(比较：have much / a lot in common with… 与……有许多相同之处
have little in common with… 与……几乎没有相同之处)
have something / nothing to do with … 与……有关/无关
have to = have got to 不得不，必须
例如：
Class is over. Let’s have a break.
I’ve got a cough.
Dad and I had a good laugh over that.
They are having a good time.
He stopped to have a look.
We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon.
Are we going to have a meeting this week?
Here is a tree. Let me have a rest.
Are you going to have a swim?
We’ll have a test tomorrow.
Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him.
Does she have lunch at home?
Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.
We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.
Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.
I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers.
Please come here and have my seat, Granny.
He hasn’t had any medicine.
At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports.
(12)hold短语：
hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会 hold back 退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住
hold one’s breath 屏息，不出气 hold on 等一等，不要挂电话
hold on to 抓住，保住 hold out 伸出，坚持下去，维持
hold up 阻挡，使停顿，举起，拿起，阻滞
hold together 连在一起，团结一致
例如：
Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back.
—Could I speak to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please.
The little boy held out his hands.
I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer.
Sorry, I’m late. I was held up at work.
(13)keep短语：
keep away from 避开，别靠近 keep back 隐瞒，忍住，阻止……向前，留下
keep down 控制 keep off 勿踏，勿踩
keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物
keep on 继续进行 keep out 不得入内
keep…out 把……挡住，把……留在外面keep out of … 不进入……
keep up 继续，保持，坚持，使(情绪等)不低落
keep up with… = catch up with… 跟上，赶上
keep a date 赴约 keep a healthy diet 保持健康的饮食
keep a record / records 保持记录
keep an eye on 注视，留心，注意，照顾
(比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意)
keep busy doing 忙着做某事 keep fit 保持健康
keep…in mind = learn…by heart = remember… 把……记住
keep (on) doing sth 继续不停地做某事
[比较：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/继续做某事
keep … from doing 阻止……做，不让……做
stop / prevent… (from) doing 妨碍/预防/阻止……做，不让……做]
keep one’s appointment 守约(比较：break one’s appointment 违约)
keep one’s balance 保持平衡 keep one’s word(s) 遵守诺言
keep safe 保持安全 keep silent over … 对……保持沉默
keep the same look 保持原貌 keep watch 保持警戒，站岗
例如：
I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.
Every week there was a rebellion(造反)somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions.
While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth.
He kept on telling us the same story over and over.
You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words.
Danger! Keep out!
Will this overcoat keep the rain out?
It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question.
The rain kept up all night.
I see you are getting along well with your English studies. Keep up the good work.
The good news keeps our spirits up.
He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him.
Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch.
There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”
(14)knock短语：
knock at /on 敲打(门、窗等) knock down 把……撞倒，击倒
你去买本5年3年吧那本戚隐东西蛮好的上面的词组高考考到的频率很高同时你也要注意一下平时烂圆的积累这样就差高历厅不多了
上完高中所有课程之后就要进入高考的复习了，所以把高中常用英语短语总结出来是有必要的。下面是我给大家整理的高中英语常用短语总结，供大家参阅!
高中常用英语短语
1. make friends with„ 与„交朋友
2. make fun of 取笑 (某人);开„的玩笑
3. make it a condition that„ 以„„为条件
4. make it possible to do ; make it possible that„ 使可能做某事
5. make money out of 靠„„挣钱
6. make no difference 毫无差别;没有影响
7. make noise 制造噪音
8. make oneself done 使自己被别人„„
9. make progress 取得进步
10. make repairs 修理，修补
11. make room for 为„„腾地方
12. make sense 讲得通;很有意义
13. make sentences with 用„造句
14. make sure of 确保;确定
15. make the best of 充分利用，善用
16. make up 编出;组成
17. make up one’s mind (to do sth.) 下定决心做„„
18. make use of 利用
19. make„„to one’s (own) measure 按照某人的尺寸做„„
20. make„from / out of„ 由„„制作„„
21. make„into„ 将„„制成
22. manage to do 成功地做„„;设法做„„
23. mark„with„ 用„„标记„„
24. masses of 大多数;大部分
25. match„with„ „„与„„相搭配
高中必背英语短语
1. mean doing 意味着;意思是
2. mean to do 意图做
3. measure„with a ruler 用尺子量
4. medical care 医疗护碧橘滚理
5. meet sb. at the station / the airport 到车站/飞机场接某人
6. men’s room 男厕所
7. millions of 数悔余百万的
8. minority groups 少数民族
9. miss doing 错过做某事
10. miss one’s footing and fall 没站稳摔倒了
11. mix„with„ 把„„混合于„„
12. more and more 越来越(多)
13. more or less 差不多;或多或少
14. mouth to mouth 口对口地
15. move in 迁入
16. move on 继续移动;朝前走
17. natural gas 天然气
18. neither here nor there 与所述无关的，不相干的
19. neither„nor„ 既不„„也不
20. never mind 没关系，别介意
21. newspaper reporter 新闻记者
22. next door 隔壁
23. next to 紧挨着; 接下来;次于
24. no more /longer 不再
25. no more than 不过;仅仅
高中伍蚂必备英语短语
1. make a face / make faces 做鬼脸;做苦脸
2. make a film / films 拍摄电影
3. make a fire 生火
4. make a list of 列一张„„的清单
5. make a long distance call 打长途电话
6. make a mistake 犯错误
7. make a noise 吵闹，发出响声
8. make a plan for 为„„作计划
9. make a point 立论;阐明观点
10. make a promise 答应;允诺
11. make a record 录制唱片
12. make a search for 找寻
13. make a speech 作演讲
14. make a suggestion 提建议
15. make a telephone call to sb. 给某人打电话
16. make a trip 作旅行
17. make an advertisement for 为„„做广告
18. make an announcement 宣布
19. make an answer 回答
20. make an attack on 攻击
21. make an explanation 作解释
22. make an offer of 愿给以„„
23. make an offer to do 想做某事
24. make ends meet 量入为出;使收支相抵
25. make enemies with 树敌
高考英语动词及动词短语
一、短语动词的构成
英语中的动词,按其构成,可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb).短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词.这种动词主要有三种组合形式:
1.动词 + 介词
I agree with (与……看法一致)you on that point.
Before long he took to (爱上)a girl student in his class.
2.动词 + 副词
I can't figure out (理解)why he said that.
Uncle Tom passed away (去世)many years ago.
3.动词 + 副词+ 介词
We don't go in for (喜欢)that kind of thing.
I couldn't put up with (忍受)the noise any longer.
在"动词+副词+介闹宏陆词"的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对绝段不能拆开.
另外,还需要注意的是,以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配,这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的,试比较:
(1) The lights went out.
(2) He put on his coat and went out.
例(1)中的went out(熄灭)是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词.例(2)中的went out(出去)不是短语动词,went 是动词,out是副词,作状语.
一般说，动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，会有两种情况：一是其应用语境和词义会有不同；二是在同一个释义下，可及物又可不及物。这种情况下，它们的区别在于，使用不及物时，强调主语的特征、性质。简单理解就是，可触及之物，和不可触及之物。能触摸到的是实物，不可触摸的是虚幻的，抽象的概念。give”，I will give…，give的是什么呢，这不完整，说明give是助动词，必须加宾语，可以说I will give you a book.这个give就是及物动词。接下来再举一例，“listen”，I am listening，意思完整，不用加宾语意思就完整，这个词就是不及物动词，不是说不及物动词就不能加宾语，也能加，但是加的时候要加一个介词，如listen to me，液顷一定要加介词。
例如：The children are listening to the music. （listen是不及物动词)
we study English everyday.(study是及物动词)
二、及物与不及物短语动词
由动词和副词构成的短语动词有的起及物动词的作用,有的起不及物动词的作用.短语动词是及物的还是不及物的主要取决于短语动词的意思.因为,一个短语动词可能具有两个或几个不同的意思,用作某个或某几个意思时可能是及物的,用作别的意思时又可能是不及物的.例如:
He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out. (take off 是及物短语动词)
There is often a spectators' balcony at airports, where people can watch the planes taking off and landing. (take off是不及物短语动词)
及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。 不及物动词，就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。
The 16th National Book Fair held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（错误）
在表示“举办活动等”时，hold是一个及物动词，要求带宾语；如果不使用宾语，则直接使用其被动语态，可以写成：
The 16th National Book Fair was held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（正确）
及物不及物的区别:根据动词其后是否带有宾语，分为及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：
a．主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须直接接宾语。可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"；"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构。如：
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b．主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语，动词后要加一个介词。只能用与："主＋谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高；举起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有：beatvi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
playvi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅
ringvi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话vt. 说（语言）
hangvi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死operatevi.动手术vt. 操作
三、及物短语动词宾语的位置
1. 名词宾语通常位于这种短语动词之末.例如:
I am looking for my glasses.
2. 个别短语动词,其名词宾语必须放在动词和副词之间,不能放在短语动词之后.例如:
I am going to see the guests off at the airport this afternoon.
3. 对有些短语动词来说,名词宾语既可放在整个短语动词后面,也可放在动词和介词或副词之间.例如:
We'll have to put off the party. 或者We'll have to put the party off.
4. 代词宾语有时位于短语动词的词尾.例如:
I am looking into it.
5. 代词宾语更常紧跟在动词之后,代词宾语的这个位置常见于下列介词或副词之前:away, down, in, off, out, up.
四、及物短语动词后接动词宾语的问题
1. 及物短语动词后接动词宾语时,要用该动词的动名词形式.例如:
He insisted on buying this car.
2. 有些短语动词后面可接不定式.例如:
Most of the members called on the mayor to resign.
3.有的短语动词既可接动名词又可接不定式,但意思差别很大,go on doing 和go on to do就是典型的例子.
3. 动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，注意使用上的区别
例如：
a. My English has improved a lot.
b. My English has been improved a lot.
同样都说“我的英语有了很大提高。”a只描述了事实，并不含有是怎样提高的；而b则会隐含是怎样经过努力提高的。例如：
My English has been improved a lot (with the help of a foreign teacher).
回到本文这个作文题目，表达“书市开幕”，使用动词open，就有可能用到其及物和不及物用法，如：
The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.
这里“open”为不及物动词；
The 16th National Book Fair was opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.
这里“open”为及物动词。
英语里的动词，大部分都是兼有及物和不及物用法，在使用中要特别加以注意。
4. 动词兼有其他词性时，在使用上要注意不要引起歧义
有很多动词还具有其他词性，例如：
like可以是动词，还可以是介词。例如：
I like playing football very much. （like为及物动词）
I don’t feel like playing football right now.（like为介词）
open可以是动词，还可以是形容词。例如：
The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（open为动词）
The 16th National Book Fair was open in Tianjin from May 18th, 2008. （open为形容词）
需要注意的是，在使用动词open时，更强调动作，所以对应开幕当天；而要使用形容词open时，更强调状态，所以对应开幕时间段，句子中的介词使用了“from…（to）…”
动词兼有其他词性时，在使用上既要注意不同词性对应出的不同语境，还要注意，由于词性不同，可能词义也不同，不要由于误用引起歧义，闹出笑话。
[解题过程]
1、及物动词后面必须接宾语的动词叫做及物动词。有的动词必须接一个宾语，有的必须接两个宾语。
单宾语
He is sreading amagazine.
他正在读一本杂志。
双宾语
MrZhang teaches us English.
张老师教我们英语。
复合宾语必须接一个宾语同时接一个补语
We often hear him sing in the park.
我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。
2、不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需要接宾语。
例如：
The rain stopped.
雨停了。
What happened yesterday?
昨天发生了什么？
注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。
3、实际上很多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。我举一个例子，就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing aletter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词，在后一个句子write是及物动词。 又如，see是及物动词，但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。及物动词有被动形式（因为被动形式的本质就是把宾语作为主语，所以能加宾语才可能会有被动式）。
与之相对，不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，如果要跟宾语必须在病愈之前加上介词。因此，不及物动词没有被动形式。
举个例子：give给，要说give sb sth sb sth.都是give 的宾语，因此give在这里是及物动词
rise升起The sun rises.后面不加宾语的，所以rise是不及物动词
raise提升She raised the gun.她举起枪。枪是宾语，使举的对象，所以raise在这里是及物动词。
另外有一点，英语中有不少单词既可以做及物动词也可以作不及物动词的。比如sing等，既可以说sing a song,也可以直接说sb sing
一、过去分词用在被动语态时
1、把握的关键
（1）有些动词既是及物(vt.)又是不及物(vi.)，但表达形式不同其含义也就不同。
（2）只有用作及物动词的过去分词才可以构成被动语态。
（3）用作不及物动词(vi.)的过去分词不适用于被动语态，通常只能用主动形式表被动的含义，说明主语的性质、状态、特征等。常见的有下列动词：sell, wash , write, read, tear, wear, open, close, shut, lock, begin, start, stop, last, translate, , belong to, iron, smoke, eat, smell, taste, look, fell, sound, appear, turn out, prove, 等。
2、示例
a. This shirt has to be washed (vt.)and ironed (vt.) every day. But luckily it washes (vi.) well and irons (vi.) easily.这件衬衫每天都得洗熨，但幸运的是它好洗易熨。
b. The breakfast this morning wan cooked (vt.) enough but eaten (vt.) only a little because it didn’t cooked (vi.) very well and not eaten (vi.) deliciously.今天的早饭做得多但吃得少是因为做得不好，吃起来不香。
c. The story was written (vt.) by Tom .It writes well and reads easily.(vi.)这个故事是汤姆写的。故事写得好，容易读懂。
二、过去分词用作非谓语动词时
（一）先用表格呈现总轮廓
过去分词 vt. vi. 说明
一般式 1.表被动 2.动作已经完成 1.表主动2.动作已经完成 只有一种时态和语态形式
否定形式 not + 过去分词 要否定分词所表示的动作，在其前加not
过去分词
短语 过去分词+宾语或状语 过去分词可以和自己的宾语或状语构成分词短语
独立主格
结构 名词/人称代词主格 + 过去分词 只用作状语，即：过去分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语和句子的主语不相一致，就要在前加名词或人称代词主格
句法功能 作定语、宾语补足语、表语、状语 过去分词用作非谓语动词，其作用相当于形容词或副词
（二）根据句法作用理清用法
1、作定语
1) 把握的关键：
a. 单个的过去分词作前置定语（个别几个过去分词习惯上后置）。
b. 过去分词短语作后置定语。
c. 及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语（即它所修饰的名词）之间是被动关系，强调动作已完成，可以扩展为一个谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句。
d. 不及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系（即：只说明逻辑主语所处的状态、特点、特征等），强调动作已完成，可以扩展为一个谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。
2) 示例
a. a repaired car (vt. /前置，动作已完成)
= a car which has been repaired 一辆修好了的车子
b. a question discussed yesterday (vt. /后置，动作已完成)
= a question which was discussed yesterday 一个昨天讨论过的问题
c. the risen sun (vi. /前置，动作已完成)
= the sun which has risen升起的太阳
d. the fallen leaves on the ground (vi. /后置，动作已完成)
= the leaves which have fallen on the ground 落在地面上的树叶
3) 还应注意：某些过去分词脱离了动词特征当作形容词使用作定语时，表示人的心里状态、情感变化等，即：人对事物所产生的心理反应或看法，“人感到……” 。例如：
a. the excited boys 这些激动的孩子（= the boys who feel excited 即：孩子们感到激动）
b. the surprised look on her face 她脸上吃惊的表情（= people feel surprised when seeing the look on her face 即：人看了感到吃惊的表情）
c. an interested man 一个有趣之人（= people think that the man is interesting即：人们觉得此人很有趣。）
2、做宾语补足语
1) 把握的关键
a. 过去分词作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语就是它的宾语。
b. 及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语之间是被动关系，动作已完成。
c. 不及物动词只有gone, come, arrived, risen, fallen, left等少数几个动词可以用来作宾语补足语, 并且和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，动作已完成。
2) 示例
a. I heard him hit by his father yesterday.（vt./被动）
我听说他昨天挨父亲的打了。
b. He had his car repaired. (vt. /被动)
他把车子修好了。
c. She fell asleep, without the light turned off.(vt. /被动)
她没关灯就睡着了。
d. When I got to the station, I found the train gone/left. （vi./主动）
到车站时，我发现火车已开走。
3、作表语
1) 把握的关键
a. 只限于单个过去分词作表语（过去分词短语不作表语）。
b. 只有 come, gone, left 等少数几个不及物动词的过去分词可以用来作表语。
c. 能用作表语的过去分词已脱离了动词的特征，只当作形容词使用，说明主语的状态，即人对事物的看法以及心理反应等。
2) 示例
a. The glass is broken.这个杯子破了。
b. He is very excited at the news.听到这个消息他很激动。
c. Hearing the bad news, she felt very disappointed. 听到这个坏消息，她很失望。
d. Spring is come, and the weather is getting warmer. 春天来了，天气也暖和了起来。
e. My hope is gone.我的希望破灭了。
4、作状语
1) 把握的关键
a. 过去分词（短语）作状语时，和逻辑主语（句子的主语）之间存在被动关系，所表示的动作在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生或完成。
b. 用作状语的过去分词（短语）的逻辑主语要和句子的主语相一致（即：同一个人或物），否则，就要用独立主格结构，或相应的状语从句表达。
2) 示例
a. Not written interestingly, the book doesn’t sell well.
这本书写得没意思，因而销售不畅。
（作原因状语。written 的逻辑主语是the story, 存在逻辑上的被动关系；动作在sell之前完成。） 又如：
b. Repaired, the car runs very well.（作时间状语）
车子修过之后，运行很正常。
c. He came into the room, followed by his students. (作伴随状语)
他走进了教室，学生跟随其后。
d. Given more time, I can do it better.(作条件状语)
如果多给些的时间，我会把此事做得更好一些。
e. Warned many times, he didn’t pay enough attention to it.(作让步状语)
提醒过他好多次，可他就是对此没有引起足够的注意。
f. The work finished, we sat down and had a rest.
工作干完了之后，我们坐下来休息了一会。
（独立主格结构作时间状语。finished的逻辑主语是the work）再如：
g. The thief sat on the ground, his hands tied behind his back.(独立主格结构作伴随/方式状语) 小偷坐在地上，手被绑在背后。
h. All considered, you can start the work. (独立主格结构作条件状语)
如一切都考虑周全的话，你可以开始这项工作了。
3) 还应注意：
a. 作状语的过去分词（短语）只为句子的一个成份。因此，和句子的中间不能插入任何并列连词，比如and ,but ,so 等。例如：
Told many times, but he didn’t do it well. ( but 使用错误)
b. 过去分词（短语）作状语时，还可以在前面加上相应的连词，如：when, while, as, after, before, till, until, if, unless, although, though, even if，even though, once等（但是独立主格结构前再不能加这类连词）；或改写成相应的状语从句（除伴随状语外）。例如：
i.（ If ）permitted, we can leave right now. (= If we are permitted, we can leave right now.)如果许可，我们现在就走。
ii.（ When ）heated, ice will be changed into water. (= When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.冰加热时，就会变成水。
iii. (Once) seen, it can never be forgotten.(= Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten. 这东西一旦看到一次，就永远也忘不了。
iv. (Although) written for the teachers, the book is also useful to the students.(= Although it is written for the teacher, the book is also useful to the students. 尽管这本书是为老师写的，对学生也有用。
